People’s Republic of China Essay

Mainland China is rooted in more than 4,000 years of rich Chinese cultures and history. It’s known for their lives, travel, history, business and food, their people and customs. Traditional Kung Fu is as much of the culture of china according to statistics. The Chinese people have shared a common culture longer than any other groups on earth. China is one of the cradles of the human race. For thousands of years the culture of china has attract and moved many people from all over the world, being so unique and one-of-a-kind as well as elegant and inspiring. The Chinese culture, a culture that has evolved for thousands and thousands of years contains rare beauty and enchanted with history variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia. [pic] In order to effectively examine China we need to first understand what their culture is about. Culture is defined as â€Å"society’s shared and socially transmitted its ideas, values, and perceptions, which are used to make sense of experience and which generate behavior that is reflected in that behavior†. There are five major characteristics of culture, they are that; Culture is shared, â€Å"one shared element found in all cultures is an understanding in regard to gender roles, which are the roles a particular culture assigns to men and women†. The second characteristic is â€Å"Culture is learned, not biologically inherited. The process whereby culture is passed from one generation to the next. The third is â€Å"symbols. Much of human behavior is mediated by symbols—signs, sounds, emblems, and other things that represent meaningful concepts. † The forth is that â€Å"Culture is integrated. The foundation of culture includes three structural elements that work together to keep the culture strong: An infrastructure provides the basic necessities of life, a social structure determines how people interact with one another, and a superstructure, or worldview, provides a belief system that helps people identify themselves, their society, and the world around them. † Lastly, â€Å"Culture is dynamic. Chinese arts and crafts, including painting, calligraphy, operas and silk. During these four or five thousand years of development, china mainly live on the five common cereals and vegetables and added by a small supply of meat which is radiated to the advance of culinary skills and early civilization of the country. When one element within the system shifts, the entire system shifts to accommodate it. † East Asian cultures have many similarities in religious beliefs, family social networks, diet and education. Modern China differs greatly in government. They have maintained a communist state and resisted Westernization. This is not the case with the rest of the Far East. Western culture appears to be a driving force behind most of modern East Asian culture. [pic] China has a very diverse geographical and urban landscape. Within China’s borders lies the tallest peak in the world, Mount Everest, it is just one of many mountains that make up the Himalayan mountain range in the northern region of China. China also boasts the third longest river in the world with South China’s Yangtze River which is approximately 3,400 miles long. China has over 8,700 miles of coastline, and has many plains and valleys throughout its nearly 12,400 square miles of frontier land. The vast landscape has dwellings that vary anywhere from small villages to large cities and metropolitan areas. China also has one of the largest man-made structures in the world, the Great wall; it is so large that it is visible from outer space. â€Å"In terms of climate, China may be divided between the humid eastern region and the dry west. The humid east can be further subdivided between the warm and humid south and southeast and the temperate-to-cool, moderately humid north and northeast. Much of the humid eastern region of China exhibits a monsoonal pattern of temperature and precipitation. In a monsoon climate, the warm summer months are typically the months of maximum precipitation. † China’s population exceeds 1 billion, â€Å"more than 500 million people live in and around cities in China, according to the 1990 census. There are more urban dwellers in China than are found in either the United States or Russia. Some of the cities are quite large. Shanghai, for example, has more than 7 million people; Beijing has more than 6 million, and Tianjin more than 5 million. Many cities have more than 1 million people each. † (Compton’s Living Encyclopedia) China’s cities are expanding rapidly. The government is attempting to regulate urban growth in order to avoid such problems as congestion, overcrowding, slum development, and unemployment. China’s government is a People’s Republic; the main organs of the government are under Communist party control. The head of state in China is the â€Å"Premier†. The population of China is and has been a strain on the countries resources; because of this the government has interjected itself into the people’s family planning. â€Å"China’s family planning policy combines government guidance with the wishes of the masses. The basic requirements of family planning are late marriages and late child-bearing, so as to have fewer, but healthier, babies, especially one child per couple. But a flexible family planning policy is adopted for rural people and ethnic minorities; in rural areas, couples may have second baby in exceptional cases, but must wait several years after the birth of the first child. † Chinese people have the tradition of respecting the old and loving the young. Though many young couples do not live with their parents, they maintain close contact with them. Grown up children have the duty to support and help their parents. The Chinese people attach great importance to relations between family members and relatives, and cherish their parents, children, brothers and sisters, uncles, aunts and other relatives. Communication among the people of China can be challenging due to the numerous written and spoken languages of the country. â€Å"The Han people have their own spoken and written language. Chinese belongs to the Han-Tibetan language family. It is the most commonly used language in China, and one of the most commonly used languages in the world. All of China’s 55 minority people have their own languages, except the Hui and Manchu, who use Chinese; 23 of these have a written form. † Economically China has changed considerably since it became a communist state in 1949, since the founding of New China, especially in the 20 years after the start of reform and opening to the outside world in 1978. China has made great achievements in economic construction and social development. China instituted multiple financial plans that has allowed for outward economic growth and modernization. â€Å" There are three major religious in china; Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, although Confucianism is a school of philosophy than a religion, some turn to Taoism when they find themselves frustrated and many turn to Buddhism even if they never read the sutures beliefs. Chinese people do not have a strong religious inclination but despite this the three main faiths. China is proud of the many people, The Hui, Uygur, Kazak, Kirgiz, Tatar, Ozbek, Tajik, Dongxiang, Salar, and Bonan people adhere to Islam; the Tibetan Buddhism, and the Dai, Blang and Deang to Theravada Buddhism. † Buddhism was first introduced to China from India in the first century A. D. , becoming increasingly popular after the fourth century. Tibetan Buddhism, or Lamaism as it is sometimes called, is found primarily in Tibet and Inner Mongolia. War and the military have been a central role in the shaping of modern Chinese history; armed struggle has played an important part. â€Å"The majority of China’s imperial dynasties rose and fell due to success or defeat upon the battlefield. The 20th century saw the conflict between Nationalist and Communist forces that resulted in today’s divided China: the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) and Taiwan. It also witnessed China’s intervention in the Korean War and border clashes with its neighbors India, the Soviet Union, and Vietnam. † (Worthing) Many factors have led to the perceived military threat known as China. These factors have figured decisively in the rise and fall of imperial dynasties, the suppression of internal revolts, the emergence of revolutionary movements, and the conduct of China’s foreign relations, the development of political parties, the structure of governments, the rise of nationalism and the drive for modernization, all of which have driven the worlds perception of China emerging as a 21st-century military and economic power. China’s past has aided in shaping much of the countries core values, but economically a western view on commerce and technology has been adapted. China’s determination to do all outward dealing on their own terms has allowed them to be a major player in the world marketplace. China is self sufficient and goal oriented. They are a country diverse in belief systems yet this does not appear to affect the people’s sense of nationalism. China is a superpower that no country should overlook. The Chinese culture is solely based on the necessities of ancient Chinese culture. Which are: food, clothing, housing, transportation and, education. These elements are the foundations that make up their society, tradition and beliefs. Their beliefs, not only help shape their economic climate, it also influenced their military. China has the longest period of continuous development of military culture of any civilization in world history. China also had one of the most powerful and advanced military for almost 2000 years until the eighteenth century. One of the greatest influences of military thought was the book â€Å"The Art of War† by Sun Tzu’s. Of course a lot has changed since the 18th century. The China’s modern military share some of the same values of U. S. military. The 3 main beliefs, Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism still play a major role in their decision making process. However, similar to the U. S. politics plays a major role overall. If we were to come in contact with any Chinese forces we must remember what is sacred to them. While most of us place value on religion from a â€Å"supernatural force†. The Chinese listen and respect their elders for wisdom and guidance. Here is a chart that shows you the difference between Chinese cultures vs. American culture: | |Chinese |Americans | |Conception Of the Self |Collectivist: Higher value placed on group|Individualist: Higher value placed on | | |cooperation and individual modesty. |self-reliance. Self-promotion is more | | | |accepted. High value placed on â€Å"freedom† | | | |from externally imposed constraints. | |Social Relationships |Formal, hierarchical. People most |Informal, egalitarian. People most | | |comfortable in the presence of a hierarchy|comfortable with their social equals; | | |in which they know their position and the |importance of social rankings minimized. | | |customs/rules for behavior in the | | | |situation. | | |Friendship |Small numbers of close, lifelong friends |Large collection of â€Å"friends† and | | |who feel deeply obligated to give each |acquaintances which changes over time and | | |other whatever help might seem required. |involves only limited mutual obligations. | |Obligation |Relationships with other people involve |People avoid interdependent relationships | | |reciprocal obligations. |and situations that might entail long-term | | | |obligations. | |Task vs. Relationship |Relationship-oriented: Maintaining a |Task-oriented. Relationships are less | |Orientation |harmonious relationship has priority over |important than getting the work done. | | |accomplishing tasks. | | |Harmony vs. |Avoid direct confrontation, open |Willing to confront directly, criticize, | |†Truth† |criticism, and controversial topics. |discuss controversial topics, and press | | |Concern maintaining harmony and with |personal opinions about what they consider | | |†face. † |†the truth. Little concern with â€Å"face. † | |Role of laws, rules, and |More faith in personal relationships than |Written rules presumably apply to everyone | |regulations |in written rules and procedures for |and are assumed to produce fair, reasonable| | |structuring interactions. |procedures and decisions. | |Time Consciousness |Relatively more attention to the past and |Less interested in the past; eye on | | |to the longer-term future. |near-term future. | |Ascribed vs. Achieved |Traditionally, a person’s status in the |People’s status is based mainly on their | |Status |society was based importantly on inherited|own achievements, including education | | |characteristics such as age, gender, and |obtained and level of success realized in | | |family. This is changing. |their line of work. | In order for America to be successful we must consider our differences and find a common ground. Knowing that there is a cultural gap can and will affect unit operations but we can and will be successful if we understand that we do not live in this world alone.

John Locke †Mind Essay

Hume and Locke’s conflicting views on the existence of personal identity stem from a fundamental disagreement in regard to memory. According to Hume we have an impermanent personal identity as a result of our constantly changing stream of perceptions. These mental experiences are usually triggered by impressions, or perceptions that involve a sense experience. These constantly changing streams of perception form the false identity. On the other hand John Locke proposes this concept that  says X has identity if the ideas of X cause an observer to have of x are the same at different times. The best capable observer is X themself, as they are there for every moment. For Locke all that is needed for personal identity is mental identity. Both these ideas of personal identity are intertwined with each respected philosopher’s views on memory. According to Hume, memory is unreliable. He believes projectivism tricks us into forming memories. This is true because Hume also says we can’t remember everything, but we project as if we do. The reason he imposes this is because he believes it causes us to assume we are the same in our memories as we are now. Hume says our memories are triggered by ideas, or perceptions caused by thinking about an impression, instead of actually experiencing it. These memories at best resemble one another, which means we confuse similar but different impressions of ourselves for an impression of a single unchanging self. Moreover, Hume says we do not have the same ideas as we do now and do in the past. As a result memory gives us false identity with what it remembers. With this, the nature of the human self is derived from these mental experiences. Although Hume maintains that personal identity is falsely assumed by humans, the ideas that arise from our memories are what forms one’s identity. The end result of personal identity is that individuals have a false sense of identity, but that this false sense of identity is what gives them their individuality. This whole process is reliant upon memory; hence memory is crucial in the development of the false self and individuality. Contrary to Hume, Locke believes memory is reliable. He insists that we are able to genuinely recall the same memories. Similarly to Hume, Locke agrees we don’t remember everything. Although he shares this belief, he feels what we do remember is enough. He continues this assertion as he points out we don’t remember everything accurately but we remember enough accurately. In doing this, we are able to accurately recall past ideas and compare them with present ones. This is how he reaches his point that memory is reliable. Since  our memories are reliable, our ideas in the past and the present can genuinely be the same. For Locke, the nature of the human self is formed through this process of linking old memories to new memories to create similarities. Like Hume, individuality is obtained when this process is complete and with it comes awareness of one’s self through time. While Hume and Locke have very differentiating opinions on the conception of personal identity relative to memory, they both agree that the end result will be a unique individual.

Group Ariel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Group Ariel - Essay Example The Group Ariel Company is recycling old equipment situated in Mexico. The management will need to apply the pesos to compute the company’s cash flows to ensure that they comprehend the manner in which the intended project will affect their finances. Additional for easy computation, the pesos should be converted into the Euros. This study analysed the NPV of the Ariel Mexico by deducting the value of manual machine from the value of the new machine (LAAN, & TEUNTER, 2000). Then the incremental cash flow will be represented as positive figures since the reduced value is equivalent to the cash flow. The next step was the deduction of the depreciation costs from the incremental sum costs. It is imperative to note that the fist initial three years of depreciation involved depreciation from the new machine and the remainder listed depreciation of the old machine. A deduction of 35% tax was done from the cash flow, and then the depreciation was added in order to signify the tax shie ld. For the company to calculate the project’s NPV in Euros, there is need to apply the future spot exchange rates. This can be done by dividing the peso NPV by the present spot exchange rate. Since the cash flows are discounted differently from 2008 up to 2011, then the rate of 8% of 2011 can be used to discount since it forms an average of the fours year period. It is imperative to note that computation of the present values of projects such as the Ariel Mexico can take two different ways which consider the variation of rate and risk attributed to the foreign currency. The significance of computing the NPV is to analyze the project managers or investors foresee great variations in the currency. In essence, the Group Ariel should discount the cash flows by using the foreign cost capital if the value of capital is valued in a rational manner (GOLLIER,

How third world countries Infrastructure have a profound effect on Research Paper

How third world countries Infrastructure have a profound effect on Logistics - Research Paper Example The logistic performance of the countries was measured on six components out of which the quality of infrastructure related to trade and transport such as ports, roads, railroads and communication technology topped the list. The other components were the efficiency with which customs and other border control agencies carried out the clearance process, the quality and competency of logistic services, ease of tracing and tracking of consignments, the ability to arrange shipments at competitive price and the reaching of the shipment within time schedule (SC Digest Editorial, 2012). Good quality infrastructure is considered to be the main requirement for sustainable development of a country. Efficient transport system and proper energy, sanitation and communication systems are needed not only for a decent standard of living but also for the economic growth and prosperity of a country (European Commission, 2014). Ondiege et al (2013) studied the less developed countries in Africa and found that they suffer from marked infrastructure deficit which has largely hampered growth prospects. Research done by Razzaque (1997) also showed that the Third World countries not only lacked logistic facilities but developing a good infrastructure in these nations was a daunting task. This was mainly due to rampant corruption, civil wars and lack of funds. In most countries the governments were also not committed enough as projects to improve infrastructure were abandoned halfway through Razzaque, 1997). In order to boost growth and development and respond to the changes in glob al businesses (developing logistics being one of them), the third world countries need to invest in infrastructure. Studies conducted by (Bhattacharya et al., 2012) show that infrastructure is one of the main determinants of logistic costs. Where logistics cost is

Why does ADHD impact academic performance and what can be done to Annotated Bibliography

Why does ADHD impact academic performance and what can be done to support ADHD children in the classroom - Annotated Bibliography Example The authors are highly qualified being medical practitioners and the information are still applicable due to recency of publication. The article could therefore be cited and useful in the current study. The authors conducted a study that aimed to predict the impact of methylphenidate, a common stimulant medication used in the treatment of ADHD, in the academic performance of those diagnosed with the illness. Corkum, et. al. (2010) sought the participation of a group composed of 85 children with ADHD and measured the effect of other variables (current and amount of medication used, academic support, age, sex and IQ levels) on academic performance. Over a 12-month period, the results revealed that â€Å" neither medication nor academic supports significantly predict academic achievement over and above the covariates of baseline performance and IQ† (Corkum, McGonnell, & Schachar, 2010, p. 1). The contents of the article are relevant for the current study in identifying crucial factors that influence academic performance of children with ADHD. With the article being most recently published, the results are viable and credible to support contentions for the current study. The author proffered pertinent issues relative to various medical and psychological interventions that assist children with ADHD in improving academic performance. Implications for educational practice include reconceptualization of ADHD and the need to change education practices. Despite the concise information provided, the article contained significant information in terms of academic support and improving executive function. With the exemplary competence and qualifications of the author and the applicability of data being published fairly recently in 2007, this article could be cited as useful in the current study. The site presented information reporting the recent findings of a study conducted by Lee Thompson, the Chair of Case Western Reserve Universitys

Investment Strategy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Investment Strategy - Research Paper Example An investment strategy for an inherited amount of  £ 100,000 suggested by a financial advisor seeks a balanced portfolio of investments consisting of building and bank deposits, individual saving accounts (ISAs), unit and/ or investment trusts, gilts, ordinary shares, and premium bonds. This write up contains a discussion on various strategic issues in order to facilitate the decision of financial advisor about the constituents of the investment portfolio. 1. Information required by financial advisor from investor to plan investment portfolio A financial advisor would seek following information from the investor before proceeding to extend his professional guidance for an investment portfolio of  £ 100000: Long Term goals and objectives The long term objectives of an investor differ from person to person. Objective may constitute arrangement of income after retirement, purchasing of a house property, or any other goal. These days investors seek some sort of financial independence. That implies that investors require certain amount of income from investment portfolio in order to maintain a particular standard or status of life without caring about the future. It is very important for investor to quantify these objectives and convey those in clear terms to the financial consultant.

Business Communication - Research Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Communication - Research Report - Essay Example Skilled migrants are those with work experience and/or formal education. Unskilled workers, in contrast, are those workers with little or no work experience and/or formal education. This report will discuss, firstly, the demographic transition that is taking place in the world today. Secondly, the issue of the future patterns of population growth will be examined. Then, immigration pressures in developed countries will be covered. The changing attitudes towards growth and technological change will also be discussed. Finally, how all of this tied together impacts business communication practices in the world will be discussed. According to RAND (2000, pg. 1), "The dynamics of global population growth differ dramatically across the major regions of the world. In the developed countries, the current annual rate of growth is less than 0.3 percent, while in the rest of the world the population is increasing almost six times as fast. These demographic differences, combined with widening economic disparities, are increasing the pressures of migration from the less-developed to the developed world. How the developed countries respond to the growth of immigration pressures will have a major impact on their demographic and economic futures." One way in which to see this is to analyse the demographic transition model that is presented by RAND. ... Another is to take a look at how attitudes in the world are changing with regard to technology and economic growth (RAND, 2000). The demographic transition model appears as follows: Figure 1: Demographic Transition Stage 1, the situation that has characterized the world throughout most of history, is marked by high death and birth rates. In Stage 2, which began in the West around 1800, birth rates remain steady but mortality rates begin to decline because of improvements that reduce the toll of infectious diseases--the big killer in countries with high death rates. In Stage 3, a continuing decrease in death rates is accompanied by a decline in birth rates. In Stage 4, the situation in the developed world today, there is a rough parity between births and deaths. (RAND, 2000, pg. 1) When Stage 4 occurs, one can see behavioural changes in the population as well. Whereas previous stages mark death more as fate, Stage 4 sees it more as an outcome of one's personal choices. As such, attitudes revolving around childbearing begin to take place. Families cease basing their family size around survival (bearing a large number of children so that the family may survive on) and instead choose to bear a small number of well-education children. This, in turn, marks the family in question's lifestyle and choices regarding where to live (Briggs, 2001; Bogen, 1987; Buenker and Burckel, 1977; and Booth, Crouter, and Landale, 1997). The aforementioned model is based on the Western European experience. However, it holds implications for the rest of the world. Both developed and developing countries can use it as a benchmark from which to base what types of implications can occur