Who is the Defendant in the Trial of Twelve Angry Men - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1263 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Art Essay Level High school Tags: 12 Angry Men Essay Film Analysis Essay Did you like this example? In a murder trial in which a young man is accused of the death of his father in rather strange circumstances, it is here that 12 members of a jury take the responsibility of deciding whether or not the young man is guilty of said murder and based on reasons, they must decide their guilt. The evidence and the witnesses in principle was only one of them doubt about the certainty of guilt, the other juries think that the young man is guilty and one of the jurors that is an older person says that the young man should be taken to the electric chair. We know that it is not easy to decide for the death of someone, many of the members are under pressure to have strong reasons to accept or raise new reasons to consider forceful the sentence that should be given to the young person, in addition to this pressure they are gathered in an environment It increases the tensions and this affects psychologically several of them, and according to my analysis, a constant in several of them is th at they get carried away by feelings or past experiences to provide a position, which is not acceptable. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Who is the Defendant in the Trial of Twelve Angry Men?" essay for you Create order The first jury that is in favor of innocence considers that a better communication between them is necessary, and seeing how the life of the young accused was, he tells others that he can not judge the young person for his life when he was little or where he was born. According to the witnesses who mentioned that they saw the young man murder his father, which at first glance is surprising for many of them, the first reason why the young man should not be considered guilty is to see the young persons supposed motivation to do so. Killing his own father, what could, perhaps, perhaps he wanted to do it because he was angry, the young man who grew up in a family full of problems and abuse and that his father had beaten him since he was five years old. But one of the juries that argues that, despite having grown up in an environment similar to that of the accused, tries to make others come into reason. Bearing in mind that despite the fact that the jury was present during the trial process and that it gives us to understand that it was for a long time, what convinced many of the guilty parties, put in doubt the lawyers, the evidence and the witnesses, which is a key piece to solve the problem and the first test analyzes the use of the weapon with whi ch the father died, that by its appearance is a special knife and where the young man also affirms that he went to the cinema while the murder occurred and / or not to lie, which is not enough reason to blame, and that being a special knife is not easy to achieve, but this last reason is eliminated when the jury that, according to him, also lived in the same conditions as the young man. These are the reasons that motivate a second vote and where surprisingly increases the number of juries who are in favor of the innocence of young people. One of the jurors makes the other jurors understand that not only can they say they will only believe the witnesses because they also have to see everything that was around the crime scene. He does not consider that the murder was committed for any reason. This is where the first witness who saw the murder through a train in motion rises, which in North America is usually at the level of the houses and passing at all hours. it is here that the witness said that she saw the father murdered at the hands of the young man, and this curiously through the train that passed through the window at high speed, which some consider sufficient proof to blame him; but it is the indirect way in which the witness saw death, which calls into question the certainty of his words; In addition to this, the other witness who saw the murdered youth, but also questioned, and who does is the jury (the older man), in my opinion, is the jury that has more clarity of thought; What changes the opinion of more members of the jury in a next vote where there are already eight members of the jury who are in favor of innocence, where the last member who changes his position raises a reasonable doubt. In addition, the man had a problem in the leg which prevented him from moving with fluidity; he convinced himself of the clarity of his words and, although he may not be so, the witness believes that he has truth; This is understood by the member of the jury who questions these witness statements; and to give more strength to this hypothesis, some members of the jury make a simulation of what could have happened at the crime scene if the pope had wanted to go out the door and all the work he was going to have to do to get out. They take statements from the witness who says he took 15 seconds to get from where he was to the window from where he saw the murder, and valid from a plan of the house; they showed that it was impossible for the witness with that problem in the leg to have reached the window in 15 seconds, but rather 45 seconds, which gives a second reason for not considering the statement of the old man true; which gave one more reason to believe that the old man created in his mind that he saw a murder; it is here that the juror who defends the guilt of the young person is carried away by those feelings and not for compelling reasons that are necessary to make a decision in a just decision. It is here that all these reasons put 6 and 6 votes in favor and against. Each of the characters with their different personalities and social influences give their opinion or tend to judge their experiences in life and we can see that some of the juries begin the trial passively and while they are discussing the issue they are bothering and They start to argue with each other. In terms of attitudes, personalities and how to show how people act without use of reason most of the time, how they are influenced by society, ideals, and how the use of absolutes is always preferable to the doubt. As it says in the book on the ethics of care What I feel is right is right, what I feel is wrong is wrong (Rousseau, as cited by Ruggiero, 2001: 28). In this movie we can see how each jury gives their opinion about the murder case. Some of the juries are upset with the young man because they have had similar experiences to him but we can also see how some of the jurors understand everything that this young man has lived for 19 years. One of the juries that always said that he could not notice that the decision he was taking was not adequate so he felt the tension and harassment of the other juries. Neither were the reasons, but rather prejudices, and that it was a family problem that he had in the past, the reason for which he accused the young man without foundation, for which he realized his mistake and was the reason why he did not continue holding the accusation.

The Delany Sisters Essay - 841 Words

Having Our Say: The Delany Sisters First 100 Years Having Our Say is the amazing story about the almost invincible Delany sisters. In this novel, Sarah L. Delaney and A. Elizabeth Delany tell the tale of their century long lives in America. The reader learns about their whole lives starting from their childhood, which was on the campus of St. Augustines College in Raleigh, North Carolina, all the way to their final years in which they lived in New York. During their lives, the Delany sisters lived during the Harlem Renaissance, had to go through the Jim Crow laws, and lived to be apart of the civil rights movement. These sisters were lucky enough to learn how to read and write when they were children and later able to attend†¦show more content†¦All of the Delany children lived successful lives and it was very challenging to remember all of the accomplishments that each of them achieved. After reading this book, I gained a great amount of new information, which I did n ot know about before. I acquired new facts about the Jim Crow laws and I also learned about many important African-American leaders of the civil rights movement. Some of these people included W.E.B. DuBois, Booker T. Washington, and Rosa Parks. The Delany family was put through many incidents caused by the Jim Crow laws. Some of these incidents included them sitting in the Jim Crow cars instead of the Pullman cars. Also, when they lived in North Carolina there was a shoe store that they always went to called Hellers, which was owned by a Jewish man. Because of the Jim Crow laws, a colored person would have to go to the back of the store if they wanted to try on shoes. This book was almost as helpful as reading a history book because people who actually lived during these times wrote most of it. Both Sadie and Bessie Delany were the two characters that left a lasting impact on my life. After reading all about they have been through in their century long lives, a huge impression was left on my life. The Delany sisters have inspired many of their readers to live life to the fullest. They lived through many hardships in their lives and wereShow MoreRelated Having Our Say by Sadie and Bessie Delany Essay1084 Words   |  5 PagesHaving Our Say by Sadie and Bessie Delany The social, cultural and political history of America as it affects the life course of American citizens became very real to us as the Delany sisters, Sadie and Bessie, recounted their life course spanning a century of living in their book Having Our Say. The Delany sisters’ lives covered the period of their childhood in Raleigh, North Carolina, after the Surrender to their adult lives in Harlem, New York City during the roaring twenties, to a quietRead MoreHaving Our Say Essay9582 Words   |  39 PagesBookRags Literature Study Guide Having Our Say (novel) by Sarah Louise Delany For the online version of BookRags Having Our Say (novel) Literature Study Guide, including complete copyright information, please visit: http://www.bookrags.com/studyguide-having-our-say/ Copyright Information  ©2000-2011 BookRags, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The following sections of this BookRags Literature Study Guide is offprint from Gales For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and CriticismRead MoreFull Bio Psycho Social Assessment Of Bessie Delany2241 Words   |  9 Pagesof Bessie Delany In this assignment, Professor Alton Clark Dubois’ Social Work 319 class was required to read the book; having Our Say by the Delany sisters’ first hundred years (Delany, Delany, Hearth, 1993). Author Amy H. Hearth co-wrote this inspiring book alongside sisters Bessie and Addie Delany. â€Å"This book is woven from thousands of anecdotes that I coaxed from the Delany sisters’ during an 18-month period (September 1991 to April 1993)† wrote Hearth (Delany, Delany, Hearth,Read MoreRacism in Having Our Say862 Words   |  4 PagesHaving Our Say â€Å"The truth is you’re born a certain way and there’s some things you can change and some things you can’t† One of the many smart truthful things that Elizabeth Delany (Bessie) said. 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As my sisters and I walked down what it seemed like long and never ending stairs, my mom was sitting on the plain couch by the kitchen. We all had interesting looks on our faces filled with curiosity, when we finally reached our mom sheRead MoreSlavery Is the Most Dehumanizing and Aspect of Human Life Essay775 Words   |  4 Pagescritiques of the institution. We are able to gain knowledge of these very critiques by the first-hand accounts of Mary Prince in the narrative The History of Mary Prince and From the Darkness Cometh the Light by Lucy Delaney. In the narratives, Prince and Delany communicate to the reader a plethora of critiques to slavery. 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(Litwack, The aftermatRead MoreEssay about Woolfs Vision in A Room of Ones Own2764 Words   |  12 Pagesessay (Schwartz 722).   Woolf powerfully recounts the tragic life of Shakespeares extraordinarily gifted sister (47) as she struggles to duplicate her brothers successful artistic career.  Ã‚   As Judiths tragedy progresses from rebellion and ridicule to despair and suicide, the reader is led to mourn and protest the loss of this woman .   .  Ã‚   .   whose passion finally turned against itself (Delany 182).  Ã‚  Ã‚   Judith symbolizes countless brilliant, talented women who have been unable to express their genius

Strategy and Case Analysis of us Airilines

Question: Discuss about the Strategy and Case Analysis of us Airilines. Answer: Introduction In this study, we will discuss about the US Airlines Industry and the problems faced by the US airlines regarding the changes take place in the airlines industry. We can observe that the US Airlines Industry had to face many problems to make the profit. There are other airlines also who has faced the same thing like Southwest airlines, jet blue, AirTran airways, virgin America. This was happened due to the cheap airways available in the domestic market. The other factors that have acted as a barrier in making profits are new entrants, who brought new techniques and policies to enter into the market. The cost of the labor in airlines industry is also very high as they demand highly paid. The major drawback for the US airline industry is the competition in the prices of the tickets. The rise of the internet websites and travel sites like Travelocity, Expedia, Orbits, etc. help the customer to compare the price of all the flights. This results in the upliftment of flights that provide c heap tickets. US airlines also faced the problems regarding the higher oil prices that create more complications. In 2013, the cost of the fuel has accounted for 32 % of all the revenues earned by the company. The labor cost has accounted for 26 % in the same year which is the second major cost of the production for the US airlines. These are the two reasons due to which many of the airline industries were announced bankrupt. This airline includes US airways, delta, northwest and united. Only the larger airlines were remained survived. In 2013, the US airways had pushed for the merger with the American airline that takes place under a negotiation. The US Airlines Industry: An overview US airway is one of the major and most popular airways of the United States of America. This airline is ceasing to operate in an independent manner starting from the year 1937, when the Federal Aviation Administration granted them permission and a certificate of (SOC) Single Operating Certificate and an American airline on the 8th of April, 2015. It was merged successfully with the America airlines in the year 2015 with all of the operations related to the bookings, reservations systems, etc. There are many systems that are not merged yet. US Airlines has many types of national and international networks with more than 193 destinations of the world. It is dealing with more than 24 countries in the present time that includes Europe, North America, South America, the Middle East, etc. This airline company is a member of star alliance and also a member of Oneworld in the year 2014. In 2013, the cost of the fuel has accounted for 32 % of all the revenues earned by the company. The labor cost has accounted for 26 % in the same year which is the second major cost of the production for the US airlines. US airlines has a fleet of more than 343 Jetcraft of main line, 278 jet that operates regional, turbo prop aircrafts, etc. these aircrafts are operated through the contracts and subsidiary airways under the name of US airlines Express via the code sharing. Porters five forces analysis of US Airlines Industry in the United States It is a type of methodology that helps the organization to analyze the internal and external environment of the industry in which the business organization operates. The key aspect of the porters five forces model helps the US airline industry in understanding all the external affairs that impact the performance of the company. for example declining the traffic of the passenger, increase in the operating expenses , the high prices of fuel, the greater landing and maintenance cost of the airlines, etc. the other threats are the cut throat competition in the airline industry that has affect the airline industry up to a large extent (Javalgi, and Steven White, 2002). Supplier power If we talk about the airlines industry then the power of supplier is very strong as there are three major elements that are required in this industry that are fuel, labor and aircraft. These all element are affected by the external environment of the industry and market. The price of oil is fluctuated o the basis of price of aviation oil price. It takes place due to the geopolitical and other factors of any country in which the airlines industry lies. The labor are also refers the power of union as they reflect their bargaining power through unity. It helps the labor to get the costly and unreasonable concessions from the US airlines (Weatherford, and Plt, 2002). Thirdly, the US and other airlines need two biggies and airbus and Boeing to manage the airlines. These are the reasons due to which the power of the suppliers the airlines industry is very strong. Buyer power As the technology is changing, the fliers and passengers do not have to rely on the mediators, agents, intermediaries, and distribution systems. They book the tickets for themselves using online bookings. From the past years, there are entry of lots of low cost carriers that results in cheap airlines and it benefitted the fliers up to a large extent. There is a need to understand the power of the buyers. There are lots of rules and regulation made by the authority for the benefits of the customers and buyers. These all element provides power to the customers and buyers. According to the porters five force model, the power of the buyers is moderate to high. The buyers also have lots of options and channels available for them in the market (Goetz, 2002). Entry and exit barriers The entry in the airline industry is not easy as the firms required a huge amount of capital for the investments in the airline industry. Even the exit of the airlines industries are very difficult as they have to write down and absorb many types of losses. From the above mentioned points we can judge that the entry and exit of the firms is not a barrier for the US airlines. There is a requirement of high infusion of investments and capital which is not as easy task to the industrialist. The exit procedure for the airlines industries is also very complex and involve in many types of rules and regulations (Tang, Zimmerman, and Nelson, 2009). Threat of substitutes and complementary The US airlines industry do not have any threats from the substitutes and complementary as the people of US do not choose to travel from train or buses for the journeys. It is noticed that flying is a type of natural phenomenon for all the passengers of US. Hence the substitutes available in the market do not create any threat for the US airlines. The benefits provided by the airlines are meals, Wi-Fi, amenities, and many other services (Morgan, Pritchard, and Pride, 2011). Competitive rivalry As mentioned in the above point, there is a huge competition in the firms and industries of airlines. There are many local airlines that provide cheap tickets that create competition in the airlines market. The low cost carriers give direct competition to the US airlines. Economic performance The airlines industry should focus on the needs and wants of the customers. There must be some brand differentiation and the sales should be related to the customer centric sale so that the customers will remain satisfied and do not switch to other companies due to the dissatisfaction. Providing best quality services to the customers is key source to increase the profitability of the US airlines. As we know that there are many complexities due to which the airlines are unable to earn profits. So, there is a need of unique solutions that can help the industry in earning a reasonable amount of profits. It can be done through analyzing the new findings related to the potential of revenue and sales earning. It can also be achieved through loyalty in the growth and development of airlines industry. The company should analyze the problems that lead in the low revenues and no profits (Morrish, and Hamilton, 2002). The airlines industries are facing a major challenge with regarding to its data to the customer, retailing and personalization. The major airlines have benefits of market share and potential in the profits. we can observes that despite of earning profit and revenue, the airlines industries are facing a struggling period in turning the demand into the profit and revenue. The US airline is facing a huge amount of competition due to the small and domestic airlines in the markets of Unites states of America. To increase the market share in the US markets in the airlines industry is not a very difficult task as it requires certain changes that should be effectively implemented in the business organization. As we can see that the number of passengers is increasing day by day that result in the top-line growth in the profits and revenues for the airlines industry. The customers want to have flights on cheap rates due to the frequent traveling using airways. If the companies provide premium services to the customers in the airlines, than no passenger will deny traveling with the US airways due to the unique features and services. To reach to such level, US airways have to deliver a high quality service and collective value to their customers (Oum, et.al. 2004). Strategies for airlines profitability To make a unique position in the markets of airlines industry, it is very relevant to provide different experience to the customers. It can be done through personalized services and delivering values to each and every individual related to the US airways (Birdsong, 2015). the other techniques that can help the US airlines is to blast the customers with the offers and discounts, packages, etc using technology and social media like messages, watsapp, Facebook, emails, etc. many types of offers are there like offers of upscale and offers of down sale that must be delivered to the customers. In airline industry, ales and services are two things that are interred related to each other (Mahutga, et.al. 2010). Using technology that is updated in nature is another option to increase the sales and revenue of US airways. It can be personalization of services, consistency, services experiences, and Omni-stage sales. These days the trend is to deliver personalized consumer-centric retailing which is very effective in nature. The rise of the internet websites and travel sites like Travelocity, Expedia, Orbits, etc. help the customer to compare the price of all the flights. This results in the upliftment of flights that provide cheap tickets. So there is a need to manage the prices of the flights to increase the sale and revenues of US airlines (Francis, et.al. 2006). Using customer focused techniques whose aim is to fulfill the demand of the customers only is also a way to increase the revenue and profits. The highly earning and profitable airlines industries are using these techniques as they are very effective in nature. Many CEOs of big companies believes that the companies should adopt futuristic strategies and customer based services to attract more customers. There must be concrete plans that are related to the satisfaction of the customers (Oum, Yu, and Zhang, 2001). The above written techniques will help US airways to transform the fewer amounts of revenues into a good amount of revenues. They will impact the entire organization, its talent, organizational structure; process of the business, use of technology, etc. if all the points are effectively executed in the organization, then it will influence the entire operations and result in positive revenues and profit margin (Czipura, and Jolly, 2007). US airlines will be able to gain the loyalty of the customers, potential customers for the future, better operations in the internal and external business organization, and better performance of the functions, lower the cost of production and finally the revenues and profits can be increased. These are the unique solutions that can help the industry in earning a reasonable amount of profits. It can be done through analyzing the new findings related to the potential of revenue and sales earning. It can also be achieved through loyalty in the growth and development of airlines industry. The company should analyze the problems that lead in the low revenues and no profits (Chermack, and Kasshanna, 2007). Some facts that will let us know more about US airlines In recent times, the US airlines had faced drastic changes due to the dire warnings from the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and for many others European countries and many other global economies. US carriers are still surviving in such challenging situations. The biggest reason is that the US airlines do not affect themselves due to the adverse affects of the economy as they claim good earnings after the year 2012. In the last quarter of December, 2012, the fuel prices were increased that has created a burden on the all airlines industries of the world. Despite of all the above, the US airlines have a good amount of passengers and demand for the tickets. It helps the US airlines to survive in the critical situations (Buhalis, 2004). They said that they do not have any kind of slowdown in the travelling not even in the transatlantic markets. If we compare the other airlines industries of the world, the US airlines is the one that is protected by the international challenge and exposures. The reason is they earn their 60 % of the earnings from the domestic market of US. In contrast to this, the Singapore airlines is earning its 00 % of the revenue from the international destinations (Amernic, and Craig, 2004). We can observe that the US airline is financially strong these days due to the drastic transformation takes place in the past years and in mid -2000s. The year 2012 has brought good times for the US airlines that can be reflected easily (Amankwah?Amoah, and Debrah, 2011). Conclusion At last we can conclude that all the organization must adopt some good policies and strategies to have a smooth working in the business organization. We have also studied about the economic performance of the company in the UK markets. As we know that there is a vast competition in the airlines industry due to the presence of many companies in the airlines industry. This is the reason due to which US airlines is facing problems in earning profits. The present report helped us to understand the strategies and policies that must be adopt by the US airlines to earn profits. The students learnt about the US airlines in details as this report comprises of all the relevant data regarding the same company to give an overview. The above written techniques will help US airways to transform the fewer amounts of revenues into a good amount of revenues. They will impact the entire organization, its talent, organizational structure; process of the business, use of technology, etc. It is very rele vant to provide different experience to the customers. It can be done through personalized services and delivering values to each and every individual related to the US airways. Hence it becomes very relevant to study the national, international, economic, non economic environment of the market in which the US airlines is dealing. It helps the business organization to design and customize its functions and operations according to the needs and wants of the customers a well the current trends of the market place. US airlines had faced any problems due to which they have made drastic changes to keep running the business. In this way, they are surviving in this challenging and competitive world. References Amankwah?Amoah, J. and Debrah, Y.A., 2011. The evolution of alliances in the global airline industry: A review of the African experience. Thunderbird International Business Review, 53(1), pp.37-50. Amernic, J.H. and Craig, R.J., 2004. 9/11 in the service of corporate rhetoric: Southwest Airlines 2001 letter to shareholders. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 28(4), pp.325-341. Birdsong, D., 2015. The future of airline profitability, [Online], Accessed on: 6 December 2016, Available at: https://www.sabre.com/insights/the-future-of-airline-profitability/ Buhalis, D., 2004. eAirlines: strategic and tactical use of ICTs in the airline industry. Information Management, 41(7), pp.805-825. Chermack, T.J. and Kasshanna, B.K., 2007. The use and misuse of SWOT analysis and implications for HRD professionals. Human Resource Development International, 10(4), pp.383-399. Czipura, C. and Jolly, D.R., 2007. Global airline alliances: sparking profitability for a troubled industry. Journal of business Strategy, 28(2), pp.57-64. Debbage, K.G. and Ioannides, D. eds., 2003. The Economic Geography of the Tourist Industry: A Supply-Side Analysis. Routledge. Francis, G., Humphreys, I., Ison, S. and Aicken, M., 2006. Where next for low cost airlines? A spatial and temporal comparative study. Journal of Transport Geography, 14(2), pp.83-94. Goetz, A.R., 2002. Deregulation, competition, and antitrust implications in the US airline industry. Journal of Transport Geography, 10(1), pp.1-19. Javalgi, R.G. and Steven White, D., 2002. Strategic challenges for the marketing of services internationally. International Marketing Review, 19(6), pp.563-581. Knowles, M.R. and Boucher, R.C., 2002. Mucus clearance as a primary innate defense mechanism for mammalian airways. The Journal of clinical investigation, 109(5), pp.571-577. Mahutga, M.C., Ma, X., Smith, D.A. and Timberlake, M., 2010. Economic globalisation and the structure of the world city system: the case of airline passenger data. Urban Studies, 47(9), pp.1925-1947. Marusic, A., Katavic, V. and Marusic, M., 2007. Role of editors and journals in detecting and preventing scientific misconduct: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Med. L., 26, p.545. Matrosovich, M.N., Matrosovich, T.Y., Gray, T., Roberts, N.A. and Klenk, H.D., 2004. Neuraminidase is important for the initiation of influenza virus infection in human airway epithelium. Journal of virology, 78(22), pp.12665-12667. Metters, R. and Marucheck, A., 2007. Service managementacademic issues and scholarly reflections from operations management researchers. Decision Sciences, 38(2), pp.195-214. Morgan, N., Pritchard, A. and Pride, R., 2011. Destination brands: Managing place reputation. Routledge. Morrish, S.C. and Hamilton, R.T., 2002. Airline allianceswho benefits?. Journal of Air Transport Management, 8(6), pp.401-407. Oum, T.H., Yu, C. and Zhang, A., 2001. Global airline alliances: international regulatory issues. Journal of Air Transport Management, 7(1), pp.57-62. Oum, T.H., Park, J.H., Kim, K. and Yu, C., 2004. The effect of horizontal alliances on firm productivity and profitability: evidence from the global airline industry. Journal of Business Research, 57(8), pp.844-853. Tang, C.S., Zimmerman, J.D. and Nelson, J.I., 2009, January. Managing new product development and supply chain risks: The Boeing 787 case. In Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal (Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 74-86). Taylor Francis. Weatherford, L.R. and Plt, S., 2002. Better unconstraining of airline demand data in revenue management systems for improved forecast accuracy and greater revenues. Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management, 1(3), pp.234-254.

Save the Orangutans from Extinction an Example by

Save the Orangutans from Extinction At present, there are many animal species that are in danger. The orangutans are one of them, and in the few years they may be extinct. There are many factors that are threatening their species: loss of habitat due to population growth and illegal logging, natural disasters as well as illegal animal trade and poaching. The authorities must act immediately, as the problem continues to worsen as time goes by. This research paper aims to discuss the short life history of the orangutans, the problems that endanger them, and the solutions that are currently being made to prevent their extinction. Need essay sample on "Save the Orangutans from Extinction" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Undergraduates Usually Tell EssayLab writers: Who wants to write paper for me? Essay writers advise: If You Think About Someone To Write Your Paper - Essaylab The Right Place! Best Essay Writing Company Write My Paper College Essay Writing Service Get Paid To Write Papers For Students The orangutans are known by the scientific name of Pongo pygmaeus (Orangutan). Originally, the orangutan species live throughout the Southeast Asian forests, and are native to Borneo and Sumatra islands (Orangutans; Orangutan). Their habitat is the rainforest, and they share this habitat with other animals, such as tigers and rhinos (Orangutans). Orangutans live in groups, that which consist of only two to four animals; nonetheless, adult males are usually solitary (Orangutan). Orangutans are arboreal animals; in fact, they are the world's largest exclusively tree-dwelling mammal (Orangutan; Xu). They seldom leave the trees, and their nourishment includes fruit, leaves, bark and birds' eggs (Orangutan). They spend the night on nests or platforms that they built themselves (Orangutan). The orangutans reach their full maturity at 10 to 12 years of age, while their sexual maturity is attained at eight years of age (Orangutan). The female orangutan has a 29-day menstrual cycle, and just like humans, the gestation period lasts for nine months (Orangutan). In addition, it is the only species with the longest birth interval: female orangutans only give birth after eight years (Xu). Unfortunately, the only threat to the species is mankind (Orangutan). The orangutan species is so threatened that it was declared by the IUCN or the World Conservation Union as critically endangered (Mayhell). How does mankind threaten the existence of the orangutans? Humans endanger the species due to actions that lead to the orangutans' loss of habitat. In the last two decades, orangutans have lost 20% of their habitat (Orangutans). In 1996, there were 20,000 orangutans in Borneo; at present, the number is estimated between 12,000 to 15,000 (Orangutans). In Sumatra, there are only an estimated 4,000 to 6,000 orangutans left, from its original number of 10,000 in 1996 (Orangutans). The growth of the Indonesian population is one of the contributing factors behind the loss of habitat. One hundred years ago, the population of Indonesia was approximately 10 million; today, however, the population has increased to 200 million (Mayhell). Currently, the area where people live is no longer sufficient to sustain the growing population, which forces the authorities to convert rainforests to residential areas (Orangutans). This means the habitat of the orangutans would be utilized for human consumption. Moreover, the increasing population requires more food, which forces farmers to modify their agricultural techniques, one of which is the slash-and-burn technique (Mayhell). This technique makes land clearing much easier, and is used by timber and palm oil companies on many acres of land (Orangutans). This manner of land clearing forces the orangutans deeper in the forests (Mayhell). However, the conditions of the forest are not conducive for orangutans to live either. Illegal logging is still rampant, as it provides for a lucrative industry (Orangutans). Illegal logging had decreased the forests' resources, and a few trees are inadequate for the survival of the orangutans (Mayhell). Natural disasters are also to blame for the decrease in the orangutan population. Between 1997 and 1998, there were forest fires that were caused by drought (Mayhell). Many orangutans were killed, and those that survived had to look for food in human territory which made the orangutans victims of poaching (Mayhell). Because the forests can no longer provide the nourishment for their survival, orangutans search for food in human territories. The people, in turn, are bothered by the presence of these animals in their farms (Mayhell). These orangutans are then killed for food (Orangutans). Poaching, along with illegal animal trade, also decreased the populations of the orangutans. Both of these are effects of the economic problems that affected Asia in 1997 (Mayhell). Many Indonesians were unemployed, and the rainforests seemed to present an opportunity for them to earn a living (Mayhell). The young orangutans are taken from their mothers to be sold as pets (Orangutans). However, orangutans are never meant to be pets because they are wild animals. While they are an infant, they may seem as cute pets. However, once they grow up, taking care of them becomes extremely difficult (Orangutans). Moreover, once they have been sold as pets, most of them die either from sickness or poor living conditions (Orangutans). Even at death, orangutans prove to be a source of income, as orangutan skulls are sold as souvenirs for tourists (Mayhell). The possible extinction of orangutans poses a serious problem not only for Indonesia, but also for the world. So far, steps have been made to regulate this problem. To prevent the further loss of orangutan habitat, the Indonesian and Malaysian governments have sent police patrols to guard the animals' territory (Xu). In addition, there exists the U.S. Great Ape Conservation Act of 2000 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). This act seeks to provide monetary assistance to other countries for the conservation of great apes such as the orangutans (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). Other animals that would benefit from this law include gorillas, chimpanzees and gibbons (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). The aforementioned measures would surely help in preventing the extinction of orangutans. However, these are not enough. The Indonesian government should create policies that would surely make a difference in the conservation of orangutans. Illegal logging such be closely monitored, and the agricultural sector must be advised to stop the slash-and-burn method. The citizens should also be educated, so that illegal pet trade and poaching would no longer occur. Orangutans are great animals, and if their species are not taken care of, future generations may not get to see them. Everyone should do their part in preventing the extinction of orangutans. Works Cited Mayhell, Hillary. Orangutans Edging Closer to Brink of Extinction. National Geographic. 24 October 2000. National Geographic Society. 16 February 2008 http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2000/12/122800orangutans.html>. Orangutan. Lexicon Universal Encyclopedia. 1992 ed. Orangutans Face Extinction. 16 February 2008 . U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Great Apes Program. 31 January 2008. 16 February 2008 . Xu, Risheng. Professor Predicts Orangutan Extinction. The Harvard Crimson. 1 October 2003. 16 February 2008 .